From time to time, I discussed non-science topics. The paper I will write about today was an area of overlap between policy and science. Scientists are always a bit timid about anything that could remotely be mistaken for taking a political stance. We highly value being apolitical and as unbiased as possible. This is one of the foundations for ensuring reliable results. However, to make a good policy, one must use sound science.
Just think, the FDA uses science to ensure public safety. FEMA uses science to ensure they can prepare for and protect from natural disasters - this means they need the best science to help them. However, scientific results are sometimes used for political ends. In the name of science, people have oppressed others. And this makes scientists skittish. But it is part of the scientist's job to ensure that people are informed. Scientists are needed to help construct good policies and be a resource of information as we encounter new materials, viruses, and endeavors. Scientists are called on when we want to send humans to new places and learn more about the world, the universe, and our place in it.
In the paper "Space Physics and Policy for a Contemporary Society," led by Paul Cassak, we take a look at how Space Physics and Space Weather can inform policy. This paper is unique because we did not present any new scientific results. Instead, it is a commentary discussing why it is essential for scientists to speak out and to be allowed to speak. The paper describes what space physics is, how it plays a role in our lives, and how it can inform policy. Little did we know as we were writing it that about 5 months later, a real-world example would occur.
This article was published in April 2017. In September 2017, we saw one of the solar cycle's most extensive series of solar and geomagnetic storms. Now, when we look back at what was happening in early September of 2017, these storms are barely remembered by the general public. And rightfully so. This was when we had hurricane Irma and Earthquakes in Mexico. These were much bigger disasters than the solar storms, but space weather did have an impact. The flares caused radio blackouts. Now, we know how to mitigate this impact - e.g., you change frequencies or use a line of sight communication. And this is where policy comes into play.
Space weather studies how the space environment changes and can impact our lives and technology. Because we have this understanding, we can inform a policy stating what to do if space weather affects your technology. In this case, groups like FEMA have plans to let people and rescuers know that if a solar flare has occurred, their radios may appear to be down. All they need to do is to take these specific steps. It's an inconvenience but can save time finding a solution on the spot - and potentially save lives. But, you may ask, how would FEMA know that a solar flare is the cause of the radio blackout? Well, this is where it is crucial to have scientists on call. The scientists at NOAA keep a keen eye on space weather. They put out alerts when space weather may impact different technology sectors. The NOAA forecasters work with FEMA and other groups in situations like this. They may tell them, "you might experience a problem. This space weather event occurred and may affect communication for 2 hours," or whatever the case may be.
The communication pathway between scientists, policymakers, and the public is important. This is one reason I write this in nonacademic forums about my research and publications. I may be just shouting into the void, but it is my attempt at sharing my science and why it is essential.